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The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models and those of the Five Factor Model. TCI operates with seven dimensions of personality traits: four so-called ''temperaments'' * Novelty Seeking (NS) * Harm Avoidance (HA) * Reward Dependence (RD) * Persistence (PS) and three so-called ''characters'' * Self-Directedness (SD) * Cooperativeness (CO) * Self-Transcendence (ST) Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales. The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire. The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits. ==Versions== Originally developed in English, TCI has been translated to other languages, e.g., Swedish, Japanese, Dutch, German, Polish, Korean, Finnish, Chinese and French. There is also a revised version ''TCI-R''. Whereas the original TCI had statements for which the subject should indicate true or false, the TCI-R has a five-point rating for each statement. The two versions hold 189 of the 240 statements in common. The revised version has been translated into Spanish, French, Czech, and Italian. The number of subscales on the different top level traits differ between TCI and TCI-R. The subscales of the TCI-R are: *Novelty seeking (NS) *#Exploratory excitability (NS1) *#Impulsiveness (NS2) *#Extravagance (NS3) *#Disorderliness (NS4) *Harm avoidance (HA) *#Anticipatory worry (HA1) *#Fear of uncertainty (HA2) *#Shyness (HA3) *#Fatigability (HA4) *Reward dependence (RD) *#Sentimentality (RD1) *#Openness to warm communication (RD2) *#Attachment (RD3) *#Dependence (RD4) *Persistence (PS) *#Eagerness of effort (PS1) *#Work hardened (PS2) *#Ambitious (PS3) *#Perfectionist (PS4) *Self-directedness (SD) *#Responsibility (SD1) *#Purposeful (SD2) *#Resourcefulness (SD3) *#Self-acceptance (SD4) *#Enlightened second nature (SD5) *Cooperativeness (C) *#Social acceptance (C1) *#Empathy (C2) *#Helpfulness (C3) *#Compassion (C4) *#Pure-hearted conscience (C5) *Self-transcendence (ST) *#Self-forgetful (ST1) *#Transpersonal identification (ST2) *#Spiritual acceptance (ST3) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Temperament and Character Inventory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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